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☆ AI could influence 'the whole future of war,' starting with gaming out the next fight, experts say
▼ + stars: | 2024-02-27 | by ( Ella Sherman | ) www.businessinsider.com time to read: +7 min

It's something that has appeared in fiction writing on imagined future wars but is also being looked at right now. AI "can shape the wargames and actually the whole future of war," Yasir Atalan, an associate data fellow at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, told Business Insider. In February 2023, for instance, the US military let AI successfully pilot a fighter jet and engage in simulated air-to-air combat. Wargaming expert Ivanka Barzashka has also raised concerns that AI may obscure explanations for actions, potentially leading to faulty conclusions. "When people are using these LLMs in their approach, they need to be transparent, they need to show their prompting," Atalan said.

Persons: —, Yasir Atalan, Thomas Mort, CSIS's Benjamin Jensen, Dan Tadross, Atalan, Cpl, Yvonna, Alan Turing, Barzashka, Javier Chagoya, it's Organizations: Service, Business, Center for Strategic, International Studies, Naval Postgraduate School, Mobile Education Team, US, CSIS, US Marine Corps, 22nd Marine Expeditionary Unit, RAND, The, Atomic Scientists Locations: Wiesbaden, Germany, London, warfighting

These are among the reasons why there was alarm this week over reports that Russia may be pursuing nuclear weapons in space. So much of the country's infrastructure is now dependent on U.S. satellite communications — and those satellites have become increasingly vulnerable. Photos You Should See View All 33 ImagesTHE PAST: STARFISH PRIME AND PROJECT KBoth Russia and the U.S. have detonated nuclear warheads in space. The U.S. and the Soviet Union signed a nuclear test ban treaty a year later, in 1963, which prohibited further testing of nuclear weapons in space. The creation of the Space Force elevated spending on satellite systems and defenses.

Persons: Stephen Schwartz, Ariel, Hans Kristensen, ” Kristensen, John Kirby, John Ferrari, DeAnna Burt, Pat Ryder, Ferrari, ” Ferrari Organizations: WASHINGTON, Aviation, Russia, U.S, of Atomic Scientists, Starfish Prime, of Defense, Radio, Federation of American Scientists, Soviet Union, House, American Enterprise Institute, U.S . Space Force, NRO, National Reconnaissance Office, Pentagon, Space Force, Defense Department Locations: Russia, China, U.S, Hawaii, British, Ukraine

☆ The Doomsday Clock Keeps Ticking
▼ + stars: | 2024-02-12 | by ( Dennis Overbye | ) www.nytimes.com time to read: +2 min

In Seattle, where I grew up in the 1950s and ’60s, it was common wisdom that in the event of nuclear war, we were No. 2 on the target list because Seattle was the home of Boeing, maker of B-52 bombers and Minuteman missiles. In school we had various drills for various catastrophes, and we had to remember which was which. “The 40-year-long East-West nuclear arms race has ended.”A year ago, after Russia invaded Ukraine and brandished the threat of using nuclear weapons, the clock was set to 90 seconds to midnight, the closest it has yet come to The End. The threat of nuclear weapons in Ukraine has diminished since then, but the clock remains poised at 90 seconds before zero.

Persons: “, ” Organizations: Seattle, Boeing, Minuteman, Atomic Scientists Locations: Seattle, Santa Monica, Los Angeles, San Fernando Valley, Soviet Union, Russia, Ukraine

CNN —The Doomsday Clock that has been ticking for 77 years is no ordinary clock — it attempts to gauge how close humanity is to destroying the world. Last year the Bulletin set the clock at 90 seconds to midnight mainly due to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and the increased risk of nuclear escalation. The clock isn’t designed to definitively measure existential threats, but rather to spark conversations about difficult scientific topics such as climate change, according to the Bulletin. Originally, the organization was conceived to measure nuclear threats, but in 2007 the Bulletin made the decision to include climate change in its calculations. “When the clock is at midnight, that means there’s been some sort of nuclear exchange or catastrophic climate change that’s wiped out humanity,” she said.

Persons: Rachel Bronson, ” Bronson, Michael E, Mann, Eryn MacDonald, ”, Bronson, “, Boris Johnson, George H.W, you’re Organizations: CNN, Atomic Scientists, Midnight, Manhattan Project, Security, Sponsors, University of Pennsylvania, Union of, ’ Global Security, Bulletin Locations: Ukraine, Israel, Gaza, Glasgow, UK, Soviet Union, Iran, Paris

☆ Atomic Scientists Keep 'Doomsday Clock' as Close to Midnight as Ever
▼ + stars: | 2024-01-23 | by ( Jan. | At A.M. | ) www.usnews.com time to read: +4 min

By Will DunhamWASHINGTON (Reuters) - Atomic scientists on Tuesday kept their "Doomsday Clock" set as close to midnight as ever before, citing Russia's actions on nuclear weapons amid its invasion of Ukraine, nuclear-armed Israel's Gaza war and worsening climate change as factors driving the risk of global catastrophe. The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, as they did last year, set the clock at 90 seconds to midnight - the theoretical point of annihilation. Scientists set the clock based on "existential" risks to Earth and its people: nuclear threat, climate change, and disruptive technologies such as artificial intelligence and new biotechnology. The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists was founded in 1945 by scientists including Albert Einstein and J. Robert Oppenheimer. The clock was first unveiled during the Cold War tensions that followed World War Two.

Persons: Will Dunham WASHINGTON, Rachel Bronson, Bronson, Vladimir Putin's, Sergei Karaganov, Albert Einstein, J, Robert Oppenheimer, Will Dunham, Rosalba O'Brien Organizations: Atomic Scientists, Reuters, Hamas Locations: Ukraine, Chicago, Russia, United States, Belarus, Russian, Europe, Israel, Palestinian, Gaza

A science-oriented advocacy group on Tuesday said the Earth remains at its closest ever position to doomsday, citing wars in Ukraine and Gaza, the climate change crisis and advances in artificial intelligence. The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists kept its "Doomsday Clock" at 90 seconds to midnight – the same setting as in 2023. Midnight on the clock represents a theoretical point of global catastrophe and destruction. The clock dates back to 1947 and was typically “set” at minutes to midnight, though the group has switched to counting down the seconds in recent years. The clock has been as far away from midnight as 17 minutes in 1991 after the end of the Cold War.

Persons: Rachel Bronson, “, ” Bronson, ” Organizations: Atomic Scientists Locations: Ukraine, Gaza, Israel

“Russia’s thinly veiled threats to use nuclear weapons remind the world that escalation of the conflict – by accident, intention, or miscalculation – is a terrible risk. New Construction at Russia's Novaya Zemlya nuclear test site, June 22, 2023. Lop Nur nuclear test site. “The Chinese test site is different than the Russian test site,” Lewis said. Both countries keep their strategic nuclear arsenals on “hair-trigger” alert, meaning that nuclear weapons can be launched on short notice.

Persons: Jeffrey Lewis, James Martin, ”, Cedric Leighton, “, Vladimir Putin, ” Lewis, Lewis ’, António Guterres, ” Guterres, Dmitry Medvedev, Putin, Alexander Lukashenko, Sergei Shoigu, Lewis, we’ve, Leighton, they’d, ” Leighton, Nur, Hans Kristensen, Kristensen, Israel –, Dyess, Frederic J . Brown, Fiona Cunningham, Yang Kun, ” Daryl Kimball, Kimball, Michael Frankel, James Scouras, George Ullrich, Soviet Union –, Russia –, We’re Organizations: CNN, James, James Martin Center, Nonproliferation Studies, Middlebury Institute of International Studies, US, US Air Force, Atomic Scientists, Soviet Union, United Nations, Russia’s Security, Russian Defense Ministry, Planet Labs PBC, Middlebury, Science and Global Security, Novaya, Middlebury Institute, China Observer, China’s Foreign Ministry, Planet Labs, Nevada National Security, National Security Administration, US Department of Energy, Office, National Security Council, International Monitoring, Federation of American Scientists, Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, Missile Defense, Center for Strategic, International Studies, Columbia, Northrop Grumman's Air Force, Getty, Control Association, ACA, NGO, PLA, Nuclear, Carnegie Endowment, International, Arms Control Association, Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory, Soviet Locations: Russia, United States, China, Xinjiang, Nevada, . China, Moscow, Washington, Ukraine, Soviet, Belarus, Minsk, Novaya Zemlya, Zemlya, Soviet Union, Lop Nur, Japan, Lop, Beijing, Stockholm, United Kingdom, France, India, Pakistan, North Korea, Israel, Ellsworth, Palmdale , California, AFP, Yuli County, Mongol Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Baltimore, Russian, Hiroshima

☆ A secret bomb and ruined film: Why the US government only told Kodak it was going to test nuclear bombs
▼ + stars: | 2023-07-25 | by ( Maiya Focht | ) www.businessinsider.com time to read: +6 min

Nuclear fallout from the Trinity Test damaged a batch of the Eastman Kodak Company's X-ray film. In the coming months, 1,111 miles to the northeast, physicists in the Eastman Kodak Company headquarters began following that trail. By testing the particles that settled in one of its manufacturing facilities, Kodak determined that they came from a nuclear bomb. They agreed to give Kodak advance notice of any nuclear testing in exchange for them dropping legal action. It took decades for the rest of the country and the world to find out about the dangers of nuclear fallout.

Persons: they'd, Kodak's, Julian Webb, Webb, Geiger, Sen, Tom Harkin Organizations: Trinity, Eastman Kodak Company's, Kodak, Service, New Mexico Army, Eastman Kodak Company, Atomic Scientists, Atomic Energy Commission, Lions, CDC, Trinity Test Kodak, Manhattan, Trinity Test, Manhattan Project, Corbis, AEC, National Cancer Institute, Iowa Locations: Wall, Silicon, New Mexico, Nevada, Vincennes , Indiana, Alamogordo , New Mexico, Indiana, Rochester , New York, The Rochester , New York, United States, Utah, Idaho

☆ 'Oppenheimer' leaves out the most terrifying, deadly risk of nuclear weapons because nobody knew about it until the 1980s
▼ + stars: | 2023-07-25 | by ( Morgan Mcfall-Johnsen | ) www.businessinsider.com time to read: +4 min

The film "Oppenheimer" is filled with terrible visions of nuclear war from the father of the atom bomb. But J. Robert Oppenheimer didn't know about the worst-case scenario: nuclear winter. The theory is that nuclear war would darken the skies, cool the planet, and cause billions to starve. Last year, they published findings that fish and livestock would not be able to sustain the world if nuclear winter wiped out crops. They concluded that a nuclear war between the US and Russia could cause 5 billion people to starve to death.

Persons: Oppenheimer, Robert Oppenheimer didn't, Christopher Nolan's, Cillian Murphy's J, Robert Oppenheimer, Alan Robock, Lucy Nicholson, Carl Sagan, Robock Organizations: Service, Bravo, NOAA, Rutgers University, Reuters, Trinity, US Army, Getty Images Locations: Wall, Silicon, Alamos, Central Valley, Russia, India, Pakistan

☆ Live updates: Russia's war in Ukraine, NATO assurances to Zelensky
▼ + stars: | 2023-07-13 | by ( Brad Lendon | ) edition.cnn.com time to read: +1 min

"We informed the nuclear powers — the US, UK and France — that Russia cannot ignore the capability of these planes to carry nuclear weapons,” Lavrov told Lenta.RU. “Our troops cannot figure out, whether each individual plane of this type is equipped for the delivery of nuclear weapons or not. The very fact of this type of system appearing in the Armed Forces of Ukraine will be viewed by us as a threat by the West in the nuclear sphere." Some context: The F-16 is a multirole aircraft and can be configured to carry tactical nuclear weapons. But any F-16s that might possibly be transferred to Ukraine would not be nuclear capable, Hans Kristensen, director of the Nuclear Information Project with the Federation of American Scientists, told Business Insider last month.

Persons: Sergey Lavrov, ” Lavrov, Lenta.RU, Volodymyr Zelensky, Mark Rutte, ”, Lloyd Austin, Hans Kristensen Organizations: NATO, West, Kremlin, France, Armed Forces, Dutch, US, Atomic Scientists, Federation of American Locations: Moscow, Kyiv, Russian, Kremlin Russian, France —, Russia, “, Ukraine, Belgian, Dutch, Europe

☆ What to know about nuclear power in the US
▼ + stars: | 2023-07-06 | by ( Zachary B. Wolf | ) edition.cnn.com time to read: +8 min

Those developments, which might give anyone pause about the future of nuclear power, are counteracted by other headlines. The question of nuclear energy splits governmentsGermany made the decision to decommission all of its nuclear plants after disasters like Chernobyl and Fukushima. Nuclear power in the USAs of 2022, about 18% of US electricity is generated by nuclear power, according to the US Energy Information Administration. First, be very carefulI talked to one nuclear expert who said the US should be slow and methodical about nuclear power and another who argued there are multiple, public misperceptions about nuclear power that should be corrected. The more circumspect voice is Rodney Ewing, a Stanford University professor and expert on nuclear waste who was chairman of a federal review of nuclear waste procedures.

Persons: CNN’s Clare Sebastian, Larry, Joe Biden, Rodney Ewing, ”, I’ve, ” Ewing, “, David Ruzic –, Ruzic, we’ve, ” Ruzic, “ It’s, it’s, Ewing Organizations: CNN, International Atomic Energy Agency, US Energy Information Administration, FirstEnergy Corp, Department of Energy, Stanford University, Bulletin, Atomic Scientists, University of Illinois, Lawmakers Locations: Russia, Ukraine, Europe’s, Japan, Georgia, Germany, Fukushima, France, CNN’s, China, Tennessee, California, Illinois

☆ Trump lacked power to declassify secret nuclear arms document, experts say
▼ + stars: | 2023-06-18 | by ( Jonathan Landay | ) www.reuters.com time to read: +5 min

[1/2] Former U.S. President Donald Trump delivers remarks following his arraignment on classified document charges, at Trump National Golf Club, in Bedminster, New Jersey, U.S., June 13, 2023. REUTERS/Amr Alfiky/File PhotoWASHINGTON, June 18 (Reuters) - Even when he was president, Donald Trump lacked the legal authority to declassify a U.S. nuclear weapons-related document that he is charged with illegally possessing, security experts said, contrary to the former U.S. president’s claim. The special status of nuclear-related information further erodes what many legal experts say is a weak defense centered around declassification. “The president is the executive branch and so he can declassify anything that is nuclear information,” he said. And it takes forever,” said Thomas Blanton, director of the National Security Archive.

Persons: Donald Trump, Amr Alfiky, Trump, ”, Steven Aftergood, David Jonas, Elizabeth Goitein, it’s, Thomas Blanton, Jonathan Landay, Don Durfee, Amy Stevens, Cynthia Osterman Organizations: U.S, Trump National Golf Club, REUTERS, WASHINGTON, Atomic Energy, Department of Energy, Department of Defense, Federation of Atomic Scientists, Prosecutors, Trump, Republican, Atomic Energy Act, DOE, Pentagon, AEA, U.S . National Nuclear Security Administration, Brennan Center for Justice, Constitution, DOD, National Security, Thomson Locations: Bedminster , New Jersey, U.S, declassify, declassification, United States, Florida

☆ A.I. or Nuclear Weapons: Can You Tell These Quotes Apart?
▼ + stars: | 2023-06-10 | by ( Ian Prasad Philbrick | Tom Wright-Piersanti | ) www.nytimes.com time to read: +2 min

executives have likened their product to nuclear energy. creators’ calls for national and international regulation — much as scientists called for guardrails governing nuclear arms in the 1950s. The creators of this technology are telling us we need to pay attention.”Not every expert thinks the comparison fits. and nuclear energy, has upsides and risks. or nuclear technology.

Persons: “, ’, ”, Rachel Bronson, Julian Togelius Organizations: Atomic Scientists

☆ Experts are warning A.I. could lead to human extinction. Are we taking it seriously enough?
▼ + stars: | 2023-05-30 | by ( Oliver Darcy | ) edition.cnn.com time to read: +4 min

should be a global priority alongside other societal-scale risks such as pandemics and nuclear war,” said the letter, signed by many of the industry’s most respected figures. These industry leaders are quite literally warning that the impending A.I. revolution should be taken as seriously as the threat of nuclear war. It is, however, precisely what the world’s most leading experts are warning could happen. researcher at Duke University, told CNN on Tuesday: “Do we really need more evidence that A.I.’s negative impact could be as big as nuclear war?”

Persons: Sam Altman, Demis Hassabis —, ”, Dan Hendrycks, Robert Oppenheimer, ‘, ’, ” Hendrycks, Newsrooms, Cynthia Rudin Organizations: CNN, Google, Center, A.I, Duke University

☆ AI industry and researchers sign statement warning of ‘extinction’ risk
▼ + stars: | 2023-05-30 | by ( Brian Fung | ) edition.cnn.com time to read: +2 min

Washington CNN —Dozens of AI industry leaders, academics and even some celebrities on Tuesday called for reducing the risk of global annihilation due to artificial intelligence, arguing in a brief statement that the threat of an AI extinction event should be a top global priority. “Mitigating the risk of extinction from AI should be a global priority alongside other societal-scale risks such as pandemics and nuclear war,” read the statement published by the Center for AI Safety. The statement highlights wide-ranging concerns about the ultimate danger of unchecked artificial intelligence. Still, the flood of hype and investment into the AI industry has led to calls for regulation at the outset of the AI age, before any major mishaps occur. The statement follows the viral success of OpenAI’s ChatGPT, which has helped heighten an arms race in the tech industry over artificial intelligence.

The young Terao had just survived the world’s first nuclear attack. For Terao, the idea the world is hurtling back toward the nightmare he barely survived is incomprehensible. Terao points to a photograph showing Hiroshima before the atomic bombing and the house where he spent the first four years of his life. And yet, for a man who has survived an atomic bomb attack, the fact that the planet remains at risk of nuclear armaggedon is hard to live with. “I wonder If I’ll die without seeing a world without nuclear weapons,” he adds.

☆ 5 reasons G7 Summit 2023 in Hiroshima, Japan matters
▼ + stars: | 2023-05-18 | by ( Brad Lendon | ) edition.cnn.com time to read: +9 min

CNN —This year’s G7 meeting in Japan holds special significance, not only for its location. Japanese Prime Minister Fumio Kishida arrives at Hiroshima airport to attend the G7 leaders' summit in Hiroshima, Japan, on Thursday. Together with his wife Britta Ernst, German Chancellor Olaf Scholz boards an air force plane for his trip to Hiroshima and the G7 summit. The biggest challenge for the G7 leaders may be keeping that momentum going. Two of the biggest holders of that debt, Japan and Britain, will be at the table with Biden in Hiroshima.

☆ I saw a quantum computer used by JPMorgan, with Microsoft and Nvidia as partners, and it was mind-blowing
▼ + stars: | 2023-05-13 | by ( Julie Bort | ) www.businessinsider.com time to read: +7 min

Quantum computers are wondrous because they operate on quantum mechanics. Quantum computers are wondrous because they operate on quantum mechanics: the tiniest parts of the universe where the rules of physics as we think we know them don't always apply. I visited as part of an invitational media-and-analysts' day held a few days before Quantinuum officially launched H2, its 32-qubit, second-generation quantum computer on Tuesday. Companies like Nvidia and Microsoft, which is building its own quantum computer, are partners to Quantinuum. A schematic drawing of the Quantinuum H2 computer.

The following are details of Russia's nuclear arsenal, how big it is and who commands it. NUCLEAR SUPERPOWERRussia, which inherited the Soviet Union's nuclear weapons, has the world's biggest store of nuclear warheads. Around 1,500 of those warheads are retired (but probably still intact), 2889 are in reserve and around 1588 are deployed strategic warheads. The United States has around 1644 deployed strategic nuclear warheads. The Russian president is the ultimate decision maker when it comes to using Russian nuclear weapons, both strategic and non-strategic, according to Russia's nuclear doctrine.

☆ Factbox: Russia's nuclear arsenal: how big and who controls it?
▼ + stars: | 2023-02-21 | by ( Guy Faulconbridge | ) www.reuters.com time to read: +4 min

What is Russia's nuclear arsenal, how big is it and who commands it? NUCLEAR SUPERPOWERRussia, which inherited the Soviet Union's nuclear weapons, has the world's biggest store of nuclear warheads. Around 1,500 of those warheads are retired (but probably still intact), 2889 are in reserve and around 1588 are deployed strategic warheads. The United States has around 1644 deployed strategic nuclear warheads. The Russian president is the ultimate decision maker when it comes to using Russian nuclear weapons, both strategic and non-strategic, according to Russia's nuclear doctrine.

☆ Ukraine War Moves ‘Doomsday Clock’ 10 Seconds Closer to Midnight
▼ + stars: | 2023-01-25 | by ( Associated Press | ) www.wsj.com time to read: 1 min

The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists on Tuesday unveiled their updated ‘Doomsday Clock,’ which is now 90 seconds to midnight. With Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and the specter of nuclear weapon use, Earth crept its closest to Armageddon, a science-oriented advocacy group said, moving its famous “Doomsday Clock” up to just 90 seconds before midnight. “We are really closer to that doomsday,” former Mongolian President Elbegdorj Tsakhia said Tuesday at the Bulletin of Atomic Scientists annual announcement rating how close humanity is from doing itself in. He and former Ireland President Mary Robinson joined scientists to underscore what they consider a gathering of several existential threats, with Russian leader Vladimir Putin’s actions and words chief among them.

☆ Kremlin expresses alarm over 'Doomsday Clock', blames U.S. and NATO
▼ + stars: | 2023-01-25 | by ( ) www.reuters.com time to read: +1 min

Jan 25 (Reuters) - The Kremlin expressed alarm on Wednesday that the "Doomsday Clock" had edged closer to midnight than ever, even though the scientists who moved the symbolic dial cited Moscow's own "thinly veiled threats" to use nuclear weapons. Midnight on this clock marks the theoretical point of annihilation. The clock's hands are moved closer to or further away from midnight based on scientists' reading of existential threats at a particular time. He said there was no prospect of any detente, based on "the line that was chosen by NATO under U.S. leadership". On Tuesday, the Bulletin's president cited repeated warnings by President Vladimir Putin and other Russian politicians that Moscow might be prepared to use nuclear weapons as a key factor in the decision to advance the dial of the "Doomsday Clock".

☆ The Doomsday Clock is now set at 90 seconds to midnight — the closest we've ever been to the apocalypse
▼ + stars: | 2023-01-25 | by ( Cheryl Teh | ) www.businessinsider.com time to read: +3 min

The Doomsday Clock is now 10 seconds closer to midnight. Scientists moved the clock's second hand to 90 seconds to midnight on January 24. "90 seconds to midnight is the closest the Clock has ever been set to midnight, and it's a decision our experts do not take lightly," Bronson added. In 2018, the Doomsday Clock was set at two minutes to midnight after President Donald Trump's continuous rhetoric about boosting the US' stash of nuclear weapons. And in 2020, the clock was moved to 100 seconds to midnight — which at the time was the closest to the apocalypse it had been in history.

The hands of the Doomsday Clock are closer to midnight than ever before, with humanity facing a time of “unprecedented danger” that has increased the likelihood of a human-caused apocalypse, a group of scientists announced Tuesday. “We are living in a time of unprecedented danger, and the Doomsday Clock time reflects that reality,” Rachel Bronson, president and CEO of the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, said in a statement, adding that “it’s a decision our experts do not take lightly.”The Bulletin of Atomic Scientists set the Doomsday Clock at 90 seconds to midnight on Tuesday. When it was unveiled in 1947, the clock was set at 7 minutes to midnight, with “midnight” signifying human-caused apocalypse. In 2020, the Bulletin set the Doomsday Clock at 100 seconds to midnight, the first time it had moved within the two-minute mark. The Bulletin of Atomic Scientists was founded in 1945 to examine global security issues related to science and technology.

☆ Putin's nuclear threats move Doomsday Clock closest ever to Armageddon, atomic scientists say
▼ + stars: | 2023-01-24 | by ( Christina Wilkie | ) www.cnbc.com time to read: +3 min

The 2023 Doomsday Clock is displayed before a live-streamed event with members of the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists on January 24, 2023 in Washington, DC. The group has been measuring real and existential threats to humankind, from climate change to the prospects of nuclear war, for more than 70 years. The renewed global threat of nuclear war was compounded by the ongoing Covid pandemic, experts noted. The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists was founded in 1945 by the late physicist and Nobel laureate Albert Einstein, as well as scientists who worked on the Manhattan Project to build the first atomic bomb. The clock's threats "focus on manmade threats: nuclear risk, climate change and new disruptive technologies, including bio technologies," said Bronson.

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